X-Rays in Nanoscience comprehensively explores the use of X-rays in the determination of surface structures by treating spectroscopy, microscopy, and scattering techniques, all of them using different methodology. With nanotechnology becoming increasingly important, this groundbreaking text covers methods that are indispensable for determining the structure of materials, making it an essential resource for analytical chemists, materials scientists, surface chemists, spectroscopists, and polymer chemists.